Review Text

Definition

          Review is an evaluation or critical evaluation giving an assement of a book, play, movie, concert, song, painting, product, or other perfomances.

            People read reviews to make a decision about what to see, do or buy. Bad reviews can cause some readers to lose interest in or have negative feelings about the subject under review. Reviews have to be honest and describe what they see. Remember that review gives one person’s point of view. Not everyone will agree with this review.

Communicative Purpose

The purpose of review text is to analyze and evaluate some creative works, and to inform people about its strengths and weaknesses

Generic Structure

·         Orientation

Place the works in its general and particular context, often by comparing it with others of kind or through an analog with non-art object or event.

·         Interpretative Recount

Summarizes the plot andlor providers an account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being.

·         Evaluation

Provides an evaluation of the work andlor its performance or production; is usully recursive.

·         Evaluation Summation

Last opinion consisting of the appraisal or punch line of the art work being reviewed.

Language Features

·          The use of complex and compound sentences

·         The use of adjectives and phrases of appraisal

·         The use of metaphorical expressions

·         The use of noun phrase

Example

Frozen

Frozen a Walt Disney Production was released recently and I was fortunate enough to go and see it on the big screen. Created by the makers of Tangled and Wreck-It-Ralph I was really looking forward to this.

Frozen is something I think is completely new for a Disney production. It’s the first Disney film ever to teach girls that they don’t need a man to save them. Disney are moving with times it seems. I was touched by the ending, I did not expect it at all, but it was one of the most heart-warming endings to a film I have seen.

The plot was fairly simple, and fun to follow. Queen Elsa of Arendelle, voiced by Idina Menzel, is cursed with magical powers that no one knows about. She faces grave consequences if she does not manage to hide these powers. Also central to the plot is Anna, Queen Elsa’s sister, a very cheerful girl brought to life by the voice of Kristen Bell, who longs to reconnect with her sister but ends up causing tragedy as Elsa’s powers are revealed and her sister flees.

Anna sets out on a dangerous journey to find her sister along the way unravelling mysteries and discovering an old friend and the strongest character in the film, His name is Olaf, a snowman she built with her sister when they were young, you’ll love him too and what Olaf  loves are “warm hugs!” He is simply my favourite character in the film. Olaf is dumb, but very kind-hearted and made me laugh throughout the whole film.

Idina Menzel, who plays the voice of Elsa, received an Oscar for ‘Best Original Song’. She sang ‘Let It Go’ in the film, and I myself fell in love with the song. Originally sung by Demi Lovato, it has already sparked nearly 45 million views on YouTube.

Idina told Entertainment Weekly that “This is definitely a dream come true for me. I’m happy for the movie, I’m happy to be a part of the whole thing, and to have a song that really resonates with people is just beyond great”. 

I hope you enjoy the film as much as I did. I highly recommend it to everyone; it’s a great family movie with an incredible plot twist.

Source : http://youngjournalistacademy.com/2014/01/17/frozen-film-review-2/

News Item Text

Definition
A news item text is a text which is grouped into the text genre of narration. The main
function of narration is telling stories or informing about events in chronological order. The
order in the narration can be based of time , place and the events themselves.

Purpose
News Item Text is used to inform readers about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important.

Generic Structure
The main Generic Structure of News Item Text:
1. Newsworthy event(s) : Tell the event in summary form.
2. Elaboration ( background, participant, time, place )
3. Resource of information : comment by participants in, witnesses to and authorities
expert on the events.

Language Features
The Language Features of News Item Text:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Focusing on circumstances
3. Using action verbs
4. Using saying verbs
5. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.

Examples of News Item Text

Town Contaminated

Newsworthy events
Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors andcontaminated an entire town.

Background Events
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock. The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster , spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean-up operation to remove more than 600 tons of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Resource of Information
A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.

Source : http://www.nurdiono.com/generic-structure-of-news-item-text.html

Materi Passive Voice Kelas XII

PASSIVE VOICE

The “Passive Voice” is a grammatical construction in which the subject of a sentence or clause denotes the recipient of the action rather than the performer. Active voice is a more regularused in life everyday rather than passivevoice. Passive voice is used because theobject of active voice is more important rather than the subject. Many language critics and language-usage manuals discourage use of the passive voice. In English this advice is not usually found in older guides, emerging only in the first half of the twentieth century.

Example:

- Active : we fertilize the plants every 3 months

- Passive : the plants is fertilized by us every 3 months

According to the example above, we can see that:

1. The object in active voice (the plants) become subject in passive voice.
2. The subject in active voice (we) become object in passive voice. And there is change from subject pronoun ‘we’ become object pronoun ‘us’ .
3. Verb1 (fertilize) in active voice become verb3 (fertilized) in passive voice.
4. Added tobe ‘is’ in front of verb3. Tobe that used depend on the subject in passive voice and tenses that used.
5. Added ‘by’ after verb3. but, if the object in passive voice assumed unimportant or not known, so the object is usually not used and so is ‘by’ .
6. Special for progressive sentences (all continuous tenses) necessary add ‘being’ in front of verb3, if not added “being”, the tenses will change, not progressive/continuous anymore.

According to the six above, the pattern of passive voice is:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + Modifier

The passive voice in each tense :

Tense	Auxiliary verb + sample V3 (past participle)	Examples
Present simple	am, is , are + made	Wine is made from grapes. Many cars are made in Japan.
Present progressive	am, is , are + being + sent	The document is being sent right now. I am being sent to work in the London office.
Past simple	was, were + invited	John was invited to speak at the conference. We were invited to Daniel and Mary’s wedding.
Past progressive	was, were + being + washed	The dog was being washed when I got home. Their cars were being washed while they were in the mall shopping.
Future (will)	will be + signed	The contract will be signed tomorrow. The documents will all be signed by next week.
Future (going to)	am, is , are + going to be + built	A bridge is going to be built within the next two years. New houses are going to be built in our neighborhood.
Present perfect	has, have + been + sold	That start-up has been sold for $5 million. The rights to his book have been sold for $250,000.
Past perfect	had + been + hired	The new manager had been hired before John left the company. All the employees had hired before the store opened.
Future perfect	will + have been + finished	The car will have been loaded by the time he gets home. The crates will have been loaded by then.
Modals : can/could	can, could + be + issued	A passport can only be issued at the embassy. He said the documents could be issued within the week.
Modal : have to	have to, has to, had to + be + arranged	A babysitter has to be arranged for this evening. Joan’s travel plans have to be arranged by December.
Modal : must	must + be + stopped	Criminals must be stopped before they commit crimes.

Not every passive verb can or should be made active. Sometimes you simply don’t know who or what performed an action, or you deliberately want to obscure who performed an action. Sometimes you want the focus of a sentence to be the recipient, such as when who did an action is unimportant or less important than to whom it was done. A passive verb puts the recipient right up front in the sentence where it gets attention:

Examples :

• Ten people were killed in the plane crash.
• Tracy was featured on the TV nightly news.
• George was born on April 27th.

The passive is also customary in many expressions where a writer or speaker may choose to be vague about assigning responsibility:

Examples :

• Flight 107 has been cancelled.
• Mistakes were made.
• The check was lost in the mail.

So when is it OK to use the passive?

Sometimes the passive voice is the best choice. Here are a few instances when the passive voice is quite useful:

1. To emphasize an object.
   Take a look at this example: 100 votes are required to pass the bill.
   This passive sentence emphasizes the number of votes required. An active version of the sentence ("The bill requires 100 votes to pass") would put the emphasis on the bill, which may be less dramatic.
2. To de-emphasize an unknown subject.
   Consider this example: Over 120 different contaminants have been dumped into the river.
   If you don't know who the subject is - in this case, if you don't actually know who dumped all of those contaminants in the river - then you may need to write in the passive.
3. If your readers don't need to know who's responsible for the action.
   Here's where your choice can be difficult; some instances are less clear than others. Try to put yourself in your reader's position to anticipate how he/she will react to the way you have phrased your thoughts.
   Here are two examples:

• Baby Sophia was delivered at 3:30 a.m. yesterday. (passive)
• Dr. Susan Jones delivered baby Sophia at 3:30 a.m. yesterday. (active)
  The first sentence might be more appropriate in a birth announcement sent to family and friends—they are not likely to know Dr. Jones and are much more interested in the "object"(the baby) than in the actor (the doctor). A hospital report of yesterday's events might be more likely to focus on Dr. Jones' role.

Source :

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/passive-voice/

http://biarmiakbar.blogspot.co.id/2013/10/makalah-bahasa-inggris-passive-voice.html?m=1

Faktor dan Gejala Globalisasi - Antropologi

1. Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Globalisasi

1. Faktor Ekstern
   Faktor ekstern munculnya globalisasi berasal dari luar negeri dan perkembangan dunia. Faktor tersebut sebagai berikut.

1. Perkembangan IPTEK.
2. Penemuan sarana komunikasi yang semakin canggih.
3. Kesepakatan internasional tentang pasar bebas.
4. Modernisasi atau pembaruan di berbagai bidang yang dilakukan negara-negara di dunia memengaruhi negara lain untuk mengadopsi atau meniru hal yang sama.
5. Keberhasilan perjuangan prodemokrasi di beberapa negara di dunia sedikit banyak memberi inspirasi bagi munculnya tuntutan transparansi dan globalisasi di sebuah negara.
6. Meningkatnya peran dan fungsi lembaga-lembaga internasional.
7. Perkembangan HAM.

1. Faktor Intern
   Faktor ekstern munculnya globalisasi berasal dari dalam negeri. Faktor tersebut sebagai berikut.

1. Ketergantungan sebuah negara terhadap negara-negara lain di dunia.
2. Kebebasan pers.
3. Berkembangnya transparansi dan demokrasi pemerintahan.
4. Munculnya berbagai lembaga politik dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat.
5. Berkembangnya cara berpikir dan semakin majunya pendidikan masyarakat.
   
   

2. Gejala Globalisasi
     Ritzer (dalam Martono, 2012:99) menjelaskan gejala globalisasi dengan berberapa konsep, yaitu :

1. Globalisasi versus Glokalisasi
   Globalisasi dapat dilihat sebagai sebuah ekspansi (perluasan) dari kebiasaan-kebiasaan umum (homogenitas).
   Glokalisasi meliputi interaksi dari banyak budaya lokal dan global untuk menciptakan sejenis karya tiruan atau sebuah campuran yang menimbulkan sebuah homogenitas yang sering dihubungkan dengan imperalisme budaya untuk menempatkannya dalam cara lain.
   Contohnya, sebuah logo tim sepak bola dari luar negeri yang terdapat dalam batik Pekalongan dan beberapa batik daerah lainnya. ( blog.unnes.ac.id )
   
2. Kapitalisme
   Perusahaan-perusahaan kapitalis yang berupaya untuk memperluas ekspansi pasar agar tidak gulung tikar dengan memasuki negara-negara lain misalnya, Freeport, Epson Mobil, Petronas, Carrefour, dll.

3. McDonaldisasi
Adalah sebuah proses yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip restoran cepat saji yang semakin lama semakin mendominasi berbagai sektor dari masyarakat Amerika ke sejumlah masyarakat lainnya di seluruh dunia misalnya, McDonlad’s, KFC, dll.

4. Amerikanisasi
Dapat diartikan sebagai proses pengembangbiakan ide-ide, kebiasaan, pola-pola sosial, industri, dan model Amerika ke seluruh dunia misalnya, wisata baru di Kenpark Surabaya yaitu Atlantis Land Park.